A people who occupied the banks of the SANGARIOS (Krka) in the northern border of Troy:

III; 184:
Ere now have I [Priam] journeyed to the land of Phrygia... and there I saw in multitudes the Phrygian warriors... that were then encamped along the banks of Sangarius. For I, too, being their ally, was numbered among them on the day when the Amazones came, the peers of men.

VI; 186:
"Next fought he [Bellerophon] with the glorious Solymoi... and thirdly he slew the Amazones, women* the peers of men.''

Hector's mother, Hecabe, was an Amazon, perhaps taken captive during Priam's foray in these regions (to subdue them?).
Later Greek tradition says the Amazones came into the Trojan War some time after the death of Hector, and that Achilles, oddly, fell in love with Penthesilea, their leader. Their name was said to mean 'breastless' because this tribe of man-like women amputated a breast to facilitate the use of the bow and arrow. That they were breastless may, perhaps, be tinted with a shade of truth, reflecting a local ritual of men passing for women, or, even of practising total emasculation for the purpose of purification.
In even later times, the Illyrian Liburni claimed descent from the Amazones.


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*An interpolation, surely to account for the Greek understanding of their name.

A people of the marshy HELLESPONTOS (Neretva Delta), an area later occupied by the Illyrian Manoi. Aldus Manutius...fisher? Arimoi net-folk or armi-oi..manatee...porpoise hunters?

II, 783:
...and the earth groaned beneath them, [the Danaans] as beneath Zeus that hurleth the thunderbolt in his wrath, when he scourgeth the land about Typhoeus in the country of the Arimoi, where men say is the couch of Typhoeus.

That Typhoeos, who was said to be a monster with the face of a human and the body of a snake, had his couch below the summit of GARGAROS (Sveti Ilija (Biokovo) 770mts.), and whose equivalent was Enkeladus and likewise also said to have his lair under the volcano Aetna, connects these two monsters with volcanic activity, from which it is not difficult to imagine they represented the plumes of ash and gas of a violent eruption. Though no volcanic activity has ever existed in the Balkans (albeit disastrous earthquakes have been a common occurence since time immemorial), it may be inferred that the Arimoi should be reckoned, by an association with volcanic activity, as members of some special guild of smiths (perhaps to be archaeologically represented by the early Iron Age). Furthermore, Typhoeus, in whose name is the word foetus, might be thought of as representing a new-born babe still attached to the umbilical cord, from which one might likewise infer that the Arimoi ought also be thought of as dwarfs, or as an unusually small folk. From this may be understood that the lame Hephaestus—the tutelary god of smiths—was expelled from Olympus, as if aborted like a seven-month premature infant, forever after represented as the tiny constellation of the Pleiades, the hepta-aistos, 'seven banished-ones', which, if one looks carefully, appears to stand on one leg alone.

One of the two main branches into which the Troes were divided (the other being the Phryges). They may be thought of as a folk occupying the interior hinterlands:

II; 819:
Of the Dardanians again the valiant son of Anchises was captain, even Aeneas, whom fair Aphrodite conceived to Anchises amid the spurs of Ida...

VII; 414:
Now they were sitting in assembly, Trojans and Dardanians alike, all gathered in one body waiting until Idaeus should come; and he came and stood in their midst and declared his message.

The Dardanioi will have been so called after Dardanus, from whom was descended the line of Trojan kings down to Priam, and thus distinguished from the Phryges of the coastal districts who might, perhaps, on account of their maritime exposure, be thought of as descended from any number of undistinguished sources.


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IV; 376, et pas.:
"Once verily [says Agamemnon] he came to Mycenae, not as an enemy, but as a guest, in company with godlike Polyneices, to gather a host; for in that day they were waging a war against the sacred walls of Thebe, and earnestly did they make prayer that glorious allies be granted them...
So when they had departed and were got forth upon their way, and had come to Asopos with deep reeds, that coucheth in grass, there did the Achaeans send forth Tydeus on an embassage. And he went his way, and found the many sons of Cadmus feasting in the house of mighty Eteocles. Then, for all he was a stranger, the horseman Tydeus feared not, all alone though he was amid the many Cadmeians, but challenged them all to feats of strength, and in every one vanquished he them full easily... But the Cadmeians, goaders of horses, waxed wroth, and as he journeyed back, brought and set a strong ambush... But Tydeus even upon these let loose a shameful fate, and slew them all..."
..."Son of Atreus, utter not lies , when thou knowest how to speak truly. We declare ourselves to be better men by far than our fathers: we took the seat of Thebe of the seven gates, when we twain had gathered a lesser host against a stronger wall, putting our trust in the portents of the gods and in the aid of Zeus; whereas they perished through their own blind folly..."

X; 285:
"Follow now with me [Diomedes] even as thou didst follow with my father, goodly Tydeus, into Thebes, what time he went forth as a messenger of the Achaeans. Them he left by the Asopus, the brazen-coated Achaeans, and he bare a gentle word thither to the Cadmeians."

The Kadmeioi, together with the Leleges, a folk descended from a certain Lelex, might, perhaps, be thought of as of foreign non-Dardanian stock, for neither Kadmos nor Lelex figure in the royal genealogy of King Priam.


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II; 631:
And Odysseus led the great-souled Cephallenians that held Ithaca and Neritum, covered with waving forests, and that dwelt in Crocyleia and rugged Aegilips; and them that held Zacynthus, and that dwelt about Samos and held the mainland and dwelt on the shores over against the isles.

A people occupying the long and narrow Neriton (Peljesac) peninsula.
Their name means 'headlanders', an obvious reference to the peninsula they occupied. In later times they were known as Plerai, a name which means 'ribbers', again an obvious reference to the peninsula they occupied.


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A Trojan tribe from the general area of Enope (Stobrec). Their name means 'stork', though perhaps originally in Illyrian, 'pelican', in keeping with the shiny and silvery sense of Enope, like that of a fish.

II; 846:
And Euphemus was captain of the Ciconian spearmen, the son of Ceas' son Troezenus, nurtured of Zeus.

XX; 326:
Over many ranks of warriors and many of chariots sprang Aeneas, soaring from the hand of the god, and came to the uttermost verge of the furious battle, where the Caucones [Cicones] were arraying them for the fight.

In the Odyssey, the Kikones are the first people whom Odysseus visits, and from whom he obtains some sort of brevage inducing him to hallucinations and disorderly conduct.
quotes
The Greek understanding of the name Kikones as that of a stork-totem folk, yet the Illyrian understanding, ought, rightly, perhaps, be that of sipo-ones, a watery-sort of folk with whom Hyllas (whence ullao, wailing) will have had some connection.
--the salt marshes of Salona
---the sinking of Trogir? not likely ...tragos, tragedy, some sort of spelt


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VI; 395:
...Andromache, daughter of great-hearted Etion, Etion that dwelt beneath wooded Placus, in Thebe under Placus1, and was lord over the men of Cilicia; for it was his daughter that bronze-harnessed Hector had to wife.

VI; 414:
"My father [Andromache's] verily goodly Achilles slew, for utterly laid he waste the well-peopled city of the Cilicians, even Thebe of lofty gates2. He slew Etion, yet he despoiled him not... but he burnt him in his armour, richly dight, and heaped over him a barrow; and all about were elm-trees planted by nymphs of the mountain... And my mother, that was queen beneath wooded Placus, her brought he hither with the rest of the spoil, but thereafter set her free, when he had taken ransom past counting; and in her father's halls Artemis the archer slew her."

A tribe of Phryges which occupied Askania (the southern seaboard of Troy) as far as Kardamyle (Cavtat), and which is not to be confused with the tribe of Kadmeioi (inhabitants of Thebe, Klek), the descendants of Kadmos. The meaning of their name is obscure, for it is that of an emminently sea-faring folk which appears to be derived from the Illyrian root kilj- 'an ass', whence Greek kllos (but impossible Kllx, hence Klix), perhaps from their fame of transporting goods into the interior on donkeys and mules.

1. 'Thebe under Placus', that is, Thebe Hypoplakia, ought be regarded as a spurious, an editorial emmendation designed to distinguish the Trojan Thebes (Klek), the one beside Hypoplakia (Neretva delta's left bank), from the later Thebes in Attica, for the sense of Achilles raiding Thebes runs counter to the very notion of a Greek nation rising in arms against Troy.
2. The sense of this statement is that Achilles utterly laid waste the length of Askania (the southern seaboard of Troy), from Kardamyle (Cavtat) to Thebe (Klek)


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A folk of the northern seaboard, from PEDASOS (Oneum/Almissa, Omis&) to LYRNESSOS (Ploc&e/Kardeljevo).

XX; 89:
"Not now for the first time shall I [Aeneas] stand forth against swift-footed Achilles; nay, once ere now he drave me with his spear from Ida, when he had come forth against our kine, and laid Lyrnessos waste and Pedasos withal; howbeit Zeus saved me, who roused my strength and made swift my knees. Else had I been slain beneath the hands of Achilles and of Athene, who ever went before him... and bade him slay Leleges and Trojans with spear of bronze."

XXI; 86:
"—Altes that is lord over the war-loving Leleges, holding steep Pedasos on the Satnioeis."

The Leleges were perhaps a branch of the Lelexoi, a folk descended from a certainLelex who occupied the Sorrento Peninsula on the western coast of Italy, opposite the Phlegyes across the Bay of Naples. The name of Lelex—as well as that of the Leleges—breaks down as leg leg-, a reduplicative emphasizing 'talk' or 'talkative' and of the same type as Do(n)don-a and Gargar-os, and hence associated with the summits of IDA (Biokovo Range), + -es, plural ending. On a cue with the name of the Laistrygones (a not-so-fictitious folk of the SATNIOEIS/ Titius(?), Cetina delta), who's name means 'ant hill folk', and perhaps nothing more than an alias of the Leleges, whose territory they occupied, this reduplicative will have a definite connection with 'ant'-totem associations.Cicada...


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IX; 128:
"And I [Agamemnon] will give [to Achilles] seven women skilled in goodly handiwork, women of Lesbos, whom on the day when himself took well-built Lesbos I chose me from out the spoil, and that in beauty surpass all women folk."

Of these folk it may be said they were of a generally pious nature (for there is no true evidence of their fabled misconduct).


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II, 862:
And Phorcys and godlike Ascanius led the Phrygians from afar, from Ascania, and were eager to fight in the press of battle.

III; 184:
Ere now have I [Priam] journeyed to the land of Phrygia... and there I saw in multitudes the Phrygian warriors... that were then encamped along the banks of Sangarius. For I, too, being their ally, was numbered among them on the day when the Amazones came, the peers of men.

One of the two main branches into which the Troes (Trojans) were divided. The branch of the Phryges was subdivided into nine tribes, thus—

ISLANDS	SEABOARD
	AMAZONES
	KIKONES
	LELEGES
LESBIDES
SINTIES
SMINTHIES
	KADMEIOI
	KEPHALLENES
	KILIKES

This diversity of the Phryges (as distinguished from Dardanioi, the other branch of the Trojans, land-lubbers settled in the interior hinterlands), reflects the sea-faring character of these people, originally come from other lands and settled on Troy's coasts at different periods.


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III; 1:
Now when they were marshalled, the several companies with theircaptains, the Trojans came on with clamour and with a cry like birds, even as the clamour of cranes ariseth before the face of heaven, when they flee from wintry storms and measureles rain, and with clamour fly toward the streams of Ocean, bearing slaughter and death to Pigmy men, and in the early dawn they offer evil battle. But the Achaeans came on in silence, breathing fury...

An early—perhaps non-Pelasgian—autochthonous tribe of the Hellespontos (Neretva's delta), already legendary in Trojan times.
The lower Neretva delta-valley is the habitat for over three hundred species of birds, Hutovo Blato being a sanctuary for many varieties of water-fowl. The town of Capljina, just north of where the Trebizat enters the Neretva, means 'crane'. One may reasonable assume then, that the cranes 'bearing slaughter and death to Pigmy men' are the totem of some very early pre-Trojan tribe occupying the upper marshy areas of the Neretva, and that the Pigmaioi were likewise an early folk, perhaps a short—or even midget—people who occupied the Neretva's delta, and who, in the course of time, eventually became known as the ARIMOI (Illyrian Manoi?), a folk associated with Typhoeus and Hephaistos.

I; 590:
"Yea, on a time ere this... he [Zeus] caught me [Hephaestus] by the foot and hurled me from the heavenly threshold; the whole day long was I borne headlong, and at set of sun I fell in Lemnos, and but little life was in me. There did the Sintian folk make haste to tend me for my fall."

The Sinties, a sinister folk, by all counts (though they showed kindness to Hephaistos, the god of smiths), might be thought of as a clan of merchants—perhaps of diverse ethnic origins?—who, because of the advantageous situation of their island, caught sea-traffic and did brisk trade with much-sought-after copper goods from Arisbe (classical Arretium, now Arezzo) in central Italy, as well as iron wares from Troy itself. Slaves and wines were bought and resold by these people, often restocking Agamemnon's camp when supplies ran low.


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I; 37:
''Hear me, [Chryses] thou of the silver bow, who dost stand over Chryse and holly Cilla, and dost rule mightily over Tenedos, thou Sminthian..."

Of these folk it may be said they were—like the LESBIDES (inhabitants of Lesbos, Brac) in the north—of a generally pious nature.
It has for long been though that sminthos is an ancient word meaning 'mouse'. The guess is close enough, for it most likely means 'mongoose', a fast darting weasel-like animal, the natural predator of snakes and reptiles, common only to the island of ZAKYNTHOS (Mljet) (whence its name, 'very dog-like). It is obvious that Sminthian Apollo did not rule too much over TENEDOS (Korcula), for had he done so, Philoctetes, surely, would not have been bitten on the foot by a poisonous snake. It is obvious, also, that the Sminthies, by holding the mongoose in the regard as they did, differed from the common Trojan ethos of venerating the snake as a symbol of Life.


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II; 816, et pas.:
The Trojans were led by great Hector of the flashing helm, the son of Priam, and with him were marshalled the greatest host by far and goodliest, raging with the spear.

Of the Dardanians, again the valiant son of Anchises was captain, even Aeneas, whom fair Aphrodite conceived to Anchises amid the spurs of Ida...
And they that dwelt in Zeleia beneath the nethermost foot of Ida, men of wealth, that drink the dark water of Aesepus, even the Troes, these gain were led by the glorious son of Lycaon, Pandarus...
And Phorcys and godlike Ascanius led the Phrygians from afar, from Askania, and were eager to fight in the press of battle.

ORIGIN OF THE TROJANS

The TROES were so called, evidently, after the name of their eponymous ancestor, Tros:

The names of Skamandros and Kadmos (and of many others external to the canon of the Iliad and Odyssey) figure prominently in the early history of Troy. However, only through the genealogy of the royal house of Priam may one detect a notion about the chronology and transmission of tenets, which, in the course of time, became consolidated under a common Trojan ethos or cultural identity—

XX; 215:
At the first Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, begat Dardanus, and he founded Dardania, for not yet was sacred Ilios builded in the plain to be a city of mortal men, but they still dwelt upon the slopes of many-funtained Ida. And Dardanus in turn begat a son, king Erichthonius, who became richest of mortal men. Three thousand steeds had he that pastured in the marsh-land... And Erichthonius begat Tros to be king among the Trojans, and from Tros again three peerless sons were born, Ilus, and Assaracus, and godlike Ganymedes that was born the fairest of mortal men... And Ilus again begat a son, peerless Laomedon, and Laomedon begat Tithonus and Priam and Clytius, and Hicetaon, scion of Ares....CONTINUE QUOTE

What may be adduced from this genealogy, as literary ethnological theory goes, is that the consolidation of Troy, which is to say a 'federation' of Trojans, was an integration of a wide diversity of ethnic groups from everywhere, and, consequently, of character traits. The process began, it could be said, with the Early Bronze Age—developing throughout several comings and goings in and out of Troy—
and culminating, near 1250 B.C., in the Early Iron Age—
DARDANUS: Arrived in Troy—possibly from Gortyn (later called Rome), though commonly thought to have come from Cortona in Central Italy—and founded the district of Dardania. He established religious rites (in later times erroneously thought to be the so-called Samothracian Mysteries). His name perhaps means 'dart man'.

ERICHTHONIUS: Established the Temple of Athene on KALLIKOLONE (Gabela, Stari Grad) after which he emigrated and founded Athens (which later became Taras/Tarentum), taking with him horse-lore which became popular throughout all Apulia. His name, which means 'wool of the earth' was likely inspired by the hairy tarantula.

TROS: Arrived in Troy from Athens (Taras/Tarentum), where he was born. He founded the city of Ilios which he called after the name of his son, Ilos.

ILOS: He named the land Troia after the name of his father Tros, because it was 'divided' into 'three' districts, and set up on Ilios (Gabela) the image of Athene which had fallen from heaven (the fabled palladium which, after the Trojan War, was taken to Rome). He emigrated, leading a Pelasgian colony to Italy's Tyrhennian coast, where they settled in the fertile valley of Larisa (the classical Liris, today Garigliano) and founded Pelasgian Argos on the coast (classical Caieta, today Gaeta). His name means 'mud man' or, by extension, 'wasp man', because wasps build their sarcophagus-like dwellings out of ilo-, 'mud'.

LAOMEDON: Arrived in Troy from Italy's Tyrhennian coast, where he was born. He brought with him elements of Sardianian nuraghic culture, as might have been the walls of Ilios (Gabela, Stari Grad) and as, most certainly, the walls of Troia [Taroia] (Daorson) suggest.
The ethnic complexity of this genealogy may be further appreciated in the identification—again, as purely literary ethnological theory goes—of Iapetos, father of Dardanos, with the Biblical Japheth—

Genesis, 10:
2 The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. 3 And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. 4 And the sons of Javan; Elishah and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.

THE ILLYRIAN ETHNOGENESIS

It was from these comings and goings into and out of Troy that, over an extended period of time—perhaps some three or four centuries—at the time of the Trojan War (near 1200 B.C.), several tribes formed a closely-knit federation under the name of Troes (or Trojans)—

ISLANDS	SEABOARD	INTERIOR
	AMAZONES
	KIKONES
	LELEGES
LESBIDES
SINTIES		ARIMOI / PYGMAIOI
SMINTHIES
	KADMEIOI
	KEPHALLENES
	KILIKES

The Iliad's authorship, it seems, was fully aware of the need of connecting those tribes which had been known as Trojans with tribes, which, after the Trojan War, would henceforward be known as Illyrians, and appears to have made a special proviso for such a connection. Of all the Phrygian tribes, it is only in the names of the Leleges and Kadmeioi where an idea of a 'fostered progeny' might be detected. In the name of the Leleges, is the eponymous ancestry of a certain Lelex from the Tyrhennian coast, and in the name of the Kadmeioi is the eponymous ancestry of Kadmos from the Adriatic's headwaters.

So it is that, in the wake of the Trojan War, the House of Pelops, under Agamemnon, finally took the islands of the Adriatic Archipelago which became known as the 'Peloponessos' (a name not until much later transferred to—or taken by—Hellas), and those formerly called Trojans became Illyrians, who, in later times, were historically documented as follows—

The Illyrians, properly said, retained an ethnic identity until the Coming of the Slavs in the 6th and 7th centuries AD. after which, it would be fair to assume, intermarriage eventually produced those whom, today, call themselves Southern Slavs: Yugoslavians. (Albeit the entire population of Gabela claims—and rightly so— direct ancestry from king Priam himself!).


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