MOUNTAINS
BATIEIA: Kosjak, 82 mts.

The location of Batieia wthin the Hellespontos (Neretva's delta)corresponds with that of Kozjak, the most prominent of several isolated out-croppings which dot the flat and marshy expanses like miniature peaks of mountains:

    II; 811:
    Now there is before the city a steep mound afar out in the plain, with a clear space about it on this side and on that; this do men verily call Batieia, but the immortals call it the barrow of Myrine, light of step. There on this day did the Trojans and their allies separate their companies.

GARGAROS: Sveti Ilija, 1640 mts., and Sveti Jure, 1762 mts

The 'summit' of Ida (Biokovo Range), as represented by twin prominences at the latitude of Lesbos (Brac) of its two highest elevations:

VIII; 47:
To Ida he [Zeus] fared, the many-fountained, mother of wild beasts, even to Gargarus, where is the demesne and his fragrant altar. There did the father of men and gods stay his horses, and loose them from the car, and shed thick mist upon them; and himself sat amid the mountain peaks exulting in his glory, looking upon the city of the Trojans and the ships of the Achaeans.

XV; 151:
To many-fountained Ida they came, mother of wild beasts, and found Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, seated on topmost Gargarus; and about him a fragrant cloud was wreathed.

Though the reduplicative-type name Gargaros suggests a 'throat', such as that of a volcano's crater, this range is Karstic limestone. However, near the summits of both Sveti Ilija and Sveti Jure are numerous caves packed with perennial snows, a feature not to be found elsewhere. The reduplicative sense in the name of Gargaros is carried in the name of another Sveti Ilija, 770 mts, some 45 kilometers to the south along the same range, near the entrance to the HELLESPONTOS (Neretva's delta).


MAPS

IDA: Biokovo Range.

The name, generally speaking, for all mountains and hills though, specifically, one might think of it as the name for the towering wall-like Biokovo Range which runs parallel with the coast. Thus, it is the name used for the mountains of the distant district of ZELEIA (Jabalnica Gorges) as it is for the hills in the environs of ILIOS (Gabela) near the coast.

II; 824:
And they that dwelt in Zeleia beneath the nethermost foot of Ida, mean of wealth, that drink the dark water of Aesepus, even the Troes, these again were led by the glorious son of Lycaon, Pandarus...

XX; 215:
At the first Zeus, the cloud-gatherer, begat Dardanus, and he founded Dardania, for not yet was sacred Ilios builded in the plain to be a city of mortal men, but they still dwelt upon the slopes of many-funtained Ida.

XII; 17:
...then verily did Poseidon and Apollo take counsel to sweep away the wall, [of the Achaeans] bringing against it the might of all the rivers that flow forth from the mountains of Ida to the sea...


MAPS

KALLIKOLONE: [Kapela/Gabela?] Drijeva/Gabela (Stari Grad)

The name for the southeastern promontory of Ilios (Gabela).


NERITON: Peljesac peninsula.

II; 631:
And Odysseus led the great-souled Cephallenians that held Ithaca and Neritum, covered with waving forests, and that dwelt in Crocyleia and rugged Aegilips; and them that held Zacynthus, and that dwelt about Samos and held the mainland and dwelt on the shores over against the isles.

The long and narrow Peljesacs peninsula, almost an island, though not quite, for it is connected to the mainland by a narrow neck of land some 500 mts. wide—
-Od:

ix; 19:
"But I [Odysseus] dwell in clear-seen Ithaca, wherein is a mountain, Neriton, covered with waving forests, conspicuous from afar; and round it lie many isles hard by one another, Dulichium, and Same [Samos], and wooded Zacynthos."

xiii; 349:
"This [says Athene to Odysseus], thou must know, is the vaulted cave in which thou wast wont to offer to the nymphs many hecatombs that bring fulfilment; and yonder is Mount Neriton, clothed with its forests."

MAPS

PERGAMOS: [Kapela > Gabela?], Drijeva/Gabela.

The collective name for the adjacent hills of Avala and Djerzeles behind ILIOS (Gabela).


SAMOS (mountain): Sveti Ilija (Peljesac), also Monte Vipera, 961 mts.

The highest prominence along the length of Neriton (Peljesac), situated towards the western end.

II; 631:
And Odysseus led the great-souled Cephallenians that held Ithaca and Neritum, covered with waving forests, and that dwelt in Crocyleia and rugged Aegilips; and them that held Zacynthus, and that dwelt about Samos and held the mainland and dwelt on the shores over against the isles.

XIII; 17:
Forthwith then he [Poseidon] went down from the rugged mount, [Samos wooded Thrace-like] striding forth with swift footsteps... Thrice he strode in his course, and with the fourth stride he reached his goal, even Aegae, where was his famous palace builded in the depths of the mere, golden and gleaming, imperishable for ever.

XXIV; 77:
So spake he , [Zeus] and storm-footed Iris hasted to bear his message, and midway between Samos and rugged Imbros she lept into the dark sea, and the waters sounded loud above her. Down sped she to the depths like a plummet of lead, the which, set upon the horn of an ox of the field, goeth down bearing death to the ravenous fishes.

XXIV; 751:
"For of other sons of mine [Hecabe's] whomsoever he took would swift-footed Achilles sell beyond the unresting sea, unto Samos and Imbros and Lemnos, shrouded in smoke..."

Samos was not only an obvious geographical reference point from which the authors of the Iliad and Odyssey constructed a local geographical system (not unlike that of a central post-office from which street numbers and zones are reckoned), it was also, literally, the seat of Orpheus who was often depicted sitting on a rock (as on the cover of this book).
The spiritual importance of this site—having uncanny parallels with Mount Sinai—was paramount in the development and preservation of Trojan thinking and behaviour. Of the many transcendental Trojan achievements in the arts and sciences, it is perhaps the Iliad and the Odyssey which are supreme, and which, rightly, deserve to be regarded as originally inspired by the very Orpheus himself.


MAPS

THROSMOS: the high ground of the Neretva's delta-valley.

    X; 159:
    "Awake [says Nestor], son of Tydeus, why slumberest thou the whole night through in sleep? Knowest thou not that the Trojans on Throsmos in the plain are camped hard by the ships, and but scant space still holdeth them off?"

    XX; 1:
    So by the beaked ships around thee, O son of Peleus, insatiate of fight, the Achaeans arrayed them for battle; and likewise the Trojans over against them on Throsmos in the plain.

Though the flat expanses of high ground contained within the Neretva's delta-valley can hardly be thought of as a 'mountain', they are nevertheless higher than the marshy level of the environs, and thus, topographically, a height.


 

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